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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

An Immunological Model for Heterotopic Heart and Cardiac Muscle Cell Transplantation in Rats

An Immunological Model for Heterotopic Heart and Cardiac Muscle Cell Transplantation in Rats

Published on: May 8, 2020

Reinnervation post-heart transplantation.

Avishay Grupper¹, Henry Gewirtz², Sudhir Kushwaha¹

¹Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

European Heart Journal

|January 15, 2017

Summary

Heart transplantation causes denervation, but reinnervation of the donor heart occurs over time. This cardiac reinnervation can improve quality of life without impacting survival.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Transplantation immunology
Autonomic nervous system

Background:

Heart transplantation leads to complete denervation of the donor heart, severing nerve connections.
Patients typically remain denervated for 6-12 months post-transplant, with incomplete reinnervation occurring later.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the timeline and extent of cardiac reinnervation after heart transplantation.
To assess the functional impact of reinnervation on exercise capacity and blood flow regulation.
To determine if reinnervation affects allograft outcomes and patient survival.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal assessment of cardiac autonomic function post-transplant.
Evaluation of nerve regeneration in myocardial muscle, sinoatrial node, and coronary vessels.
Correlation analysis between reinnervation status and clinical parameters.

Main Results:

Evidence of reinnervation emerges in the second year post-transplant, affecting cardiac structures.
Reinnervation remains incomplete and localized years after transplantation.
Improved exercise capacity and coronary blood flow regulation observed with reinnervation.

Conclusions:

Cardiac reinnervation after heart transplantation is a gradual process with functional benefits.
Reinnervation does not appear to be associated with adverse allograft events or reduced survival.
Restoration of cardiac innervation holds potential for enhancing patient quality of life.