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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Genomics of Parallel Experimental Evolution in Drosophila.

J L Graves1, K L Hertweck2, M A Phillips3

  • 1Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University and UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC.

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Genomic adaptation in sexual populations is rapid and widespread. Selection drives extensive genetic changes, including unexpected parallelism in linkage disequilibrium, due to abundant, maintained genetic variation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Understanding the genomic basis of adaptation is crucial for evolutionary biology.
  • Sexual populations present unique challenges and opportunities for adaptation studies.
  • Long-term experimental evolution provides insights into rapid evolutionary changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genomic foundations of adaptation in sexual populations.
  • To identify patterns of evolutionary parallelism at both phenotypic and genomic levels.
  • To explore the role of standing genetic variation in rapid adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fitness-character data and whole-genome sequencing from 30 Drosophila melanogaster laboratory populations.
  • Analyzed populations subjected to three distinct selection regimes for up to 837 generations.
  • Compared long-term selected populations with recently selected populations within each regime.

Main Results:

  • Observed high evolutionary parallelism in fitness phenotypes under shared selection regimes.
  • Detected genomic parallelism in allele frequencies for single-nucleotide polymorphisms, transposable elements, insertions, and structural variants.
  • Found unexpectedly high parallelism in linkage disequilibrium patterns across replicate populations.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary genetic changes in these sexual populations are rapid and genomically extensive.
  • Abundant, genome-wide functional genetic variation maintained by selection likely facilitates immediate responses to changing environments.
  • Parallelism in linkage disequilibrium suggests coordinated evolutionary responses across the genome.