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Related Concept Videos

Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

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Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
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Erratum.

Heather Nyman1, Karly Pippitt2, Alisyn Hansen1

  • 1The Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|January 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) lowers blood phosphate levels, contrary to previous claims. Elevated phosphorus also increases, not decreases, serum calcium levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Mineral Metabolism

Context:

  • Correction of previously published scientific information.
  • Clarification of the physiological roles of FGF23 and parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Purpose:

  • To rectify inaccuracies regarding the effects of FGF23 and PTH on phosphate and calcium levels.
  • To provide accurate information on mineral homeostasis.

Summary:

  • Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) functions to decrease serum phosphate levels.
  • Elevated serum phosphate levels lead to increased, rather than decreased, serum calcium levels.
  • The original statement incorrectly linked FGF23 and PTH to hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia due to decreased phosphorus excretion.

Impact:

  • Ensures accurate understanding of FGF23 and PTH in mineral metabolism.
  • Corrects the scientific record for researchers and clinicians.
  • Improves the reliability of information regarding phosphate and calcium regulation.