Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

21.2K

Urinary Tract Infections in Infants and Children

Theresa A Schlager1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908.

Microbiology Spectrum
|January 15, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Urinary tract infections (UTI) in children can have vague symptoms. Prompt treatment is key, especially for infants, to prevent kidney damage, while considering antibiotic resistance is crucial for effective pediatric UTI management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Nephrology
  • Antimicrobial stewardship

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in children, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms.
  • Febrile UTI and high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in infants (<1 year) pose the highest risk for renal scarring.
  • Rising antimicrobial resistance necessitates careful consideration of treatment choices for pediatric UTI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of pediatric UTI management.
  • To highlight the importance of considering local antimicrobial resistance patterns.
  • To discuss the controversial role of antimicrobial prophylaxis in VUR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pediatric UTI, renal scarring, VUR, and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Analysis of treatment guidelines and recent meta-analyses.
  • Discussion of evidence regarding antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Nonspecific symptoms are common in pediatric UTI.
  • Infants under 1 year with febrile UTI and high-grade VUR are at greatest risk for renal scarring.
  • Community resistance patterns should guide pediatric UTI treatment selection.
  • Evidence supporting continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis in VUR is emerging but remains debated.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric UTI requires awareness of resistance patterns and risk factors for renal sequelae.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with VUR.
  • Optimizing UTI treatment in children is essential to prevent long-term complications like kidney scarring.

More Related Videos

Transurethral Induction of Mouse Urinary Tract Infection09:24

Transurethral Induction of Mouse Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: August 5, 2010

37.5K
Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

6.9K

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
877
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
378
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
962
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
559
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
926
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
1.7K