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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Arrythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia.

M K Anis Munirah1, W K Lim2, I M Sharifah Ainon2

  • 1Penang Hospital, Paediatric Cardiology Department, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia. munirah_anis@yahoo.com.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 10-year-old asymptomatic girl screened for acute right ventricular dilatation (ARVD) showed suggestive results. ARVD is a rare but significant cause of sudden cardiac death in young individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Acute right ventricular dilatation (ARVD) is a rare genetic cardiac condition.
  • Early detection is crucial due to the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).
  • Screening is recommended for individuals with a family history of ARVD.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old female, asymptomatic but with a family history of ARVD and SCD, underwent screening.
  • Diagnostic investigations included electrocardiography (ECG), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

Findings:

  • Imaging and ECG results were suggestive of ARVD in the patient.
  • The findings highlight the potential for ARVD presentation in asymptomatic children with familial risk.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of recognizing ARVD in pediatric populations.
  • Timely diagnosis and management of ARVD can mitigate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and SCD.
  • Genetic counseling and family screening are vital for managing ARVD.