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How do antidepressants influence the BOLD signal in the developing brain?

Julia J Harris1, Clare Reynell2

  • 1Life Sciences Department, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|January 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Antidepressant treatment in adolescents may alter brain energy use and neurovascular coupling. This can affect interpretations of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies comparing brain activity between groups.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Adolescent depression is common and often treated with antidepressants like fluoxetine.
  • Antidepressant use during adolescence can induce lasting neurobiological changes.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is crucial for studying brain activity in this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how antidepressant treatment impacts neurovascular coupling and brain energy use in adolescents.
  • To examine the influence of these changes on interpreting blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI data.
  • To assess how fluoxetine may alter the relationship between neuronal activity and BOLD signals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing animal studies on fluoxetine's effects on neurobiology.
  • Analysis of the impact of altered neurovascular coupling on BOLD fMRI interpretation.
  • Exploration of how fluoxetine-induced changes affect between-group comparisons in fMRI.

Main Results:

  • Fluoxetine treatment in adolescence can modify neurovascular coupling and brain energy metabolism.
  • These alterations may destabilize the relationship between neuronal activity and BOLD signals.
  • This instability complicates the interpretation of fMRI findings in medicated versus non-medicated adolescents.

Conclusions:

  • Antidepressant treatment in adolescents may confound BOLD fMRI results.
  • Researchers must consider medication effects when interpreting brain activity differences.
  • Further research is needed to understand long-term neurobiological impacts of adolescent antidepressant use.