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Does Bilingual Language Control Decline in Older Age?

Iva Ivanova1, Mayra Murillo2, Rosa I Montoya2

  • 1Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of California, San Diego.

Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
|January 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older bilinguals maintain language inhibition but show age-related executive control deficits. Bilinguals flexibly modulate inhibition, but less efficiently in older age, impacting semantic tasks.

Keywords:
age-related declinebilingualismdomain-general executive controllanguage controlletter fluencysemantic fluencyverbal fluency task

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Bilingualism enhances language control and executive functions.
  • Aging can impact cognitive abilities, including executive control.
  • Understanding how aging affects bilingual language control is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in bilingual language control.
  • To examine the impact of aging on inhibitory control in bilinguals.
  • To explore dissociations between language-specific and domain-general executive control in aging bilinguals.

Main Methods:

  • Bilingual participants (older and younger) performed verbal fluency tasks (letter and semantic) and a non-linguistic flanker task.
  • Verbal fluency involved switching between languages after each category.
  • The flanker task assessed domain-general executive control.

Main Results:

  • Older bilinguals showed intact inhibition in letter fluency, similar to younger bilinguals.
  • Age-related deficits were robust in the flanker task, indicating domain-general executive control decline.
  • Older bilinguals produced more intrusions in semantic fluency than younger bilinguals, suggesting less efficient inhibition with semantic priming.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingual language control, particularly inhibition, appears relatively preserved in older age.
  • Aging bilinguals exhibit dissociable deficits in domain-general executive control compared to language-specific control.
  • Older bilinguals may struggle to flexibly modulate inhibition in tasks benefiting from cross-linguistic semantic priming.