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Updated: Mar 8, 2026
Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy as a Rapid Technique for Morphological Observation and Bacterial Cell Damage Analysis
Published on: June 30, 2023
Surface topological differences of phage infected uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains, revealed by atomic
Bassamah Hanif1, Nusrat Jamil1, Muhammad Raza Shah2
1Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Background:
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an advance microscopic technique that provides three dimensional structures of cell surfaces with high resolution. In the present study AFM was used for comparative analysis of surface topology of phage infected and uninfected Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cells. Two UPEC strains NE and HN were isolated from urine samples of Urinary tract infection patients and their specific narrow host range lytic phages 3S and HNΦ were isolated from the sewage of different areas.
Results:
On the basis of one step growth curve both phages characterized as short latent period phages with latency period of about 30 min. On AFM analysis significant difference in topology of healthy and infected cells were observed. It was hypothesized that progeny of both lytic phages released out from their respective host cells in different manner. The image of 3S infected UPEC host cells (NE) revealed multiple internal projections which showed progeny phages released out from host cells through these multiple sites. Whereas images of HNΦ infected HN host cells showed central depression which illustrated that new phages released out through single exit point from the middle of cell.
Conclusions:
These results are significant to extend future studies on isolated phages as an effective tool for phage therapy.
