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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Chronic endometritis and infertility.

Hyun Jong Park1, You Shin Kim2, Tae Ki Yoon2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, Gumi, Korea.

Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
|January 17, 2017
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Summary

Chronic endometritis (CE), a condition affecting the uterine lining, impacts 10% of women. This review explores its link to infertility and highlights hysteroscopy

Keywords:
Chronic endometritisEndometriumFertilization in vitroHysteroscopyRepeated implantation failure

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Gynecology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Chronic endometritis (CE) disrupts the endometrial microbial-host immune balance.
  • CE affects approximately 10% of women, often with subtle or no symptoms.
  • Clinical focus on CE is limited due to diagnostic challenges and its typically benign nature.

Approach:

  • Literature review focusing on CE pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of the association between CE and infertility-related conditions.
  • Evaluation of hysteroscopy's role in CE management.

Key Points:

  • CE involves a dysbiotic endometrial environment with microbial and immune dysregulation.
  • Despite mild symptoms, CE prevalence is significant, impacting reproductive outcomes.
  • Hysteroscopy offers a valuable tool for both diagnosing and treating CE.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic endometritis is an under-recognized condition with significant reproductive implications.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment of CE, potentially via hysteroscopy, may improve fertility outcomes.
  • Further research into CE pathophysiology and its management is essential.