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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
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The construction of masonry paving involves using materials such as bricks, stones, and concrete masonry units. These materials are chosen for their shape, color, strength, and resistance to abrasion and weathering. Masonry units can be installed dry on a thin layer of sand and a gravel base, or they can be embedded in mortar or asphalt on a concrete slab. For areas subjected to heavy vehicular loads, a rigid base layer of reinforced or unreinforced concrete is recommended. In contrast,...
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Outside in.

David Newnham

    Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
    |January 17, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children are not easily influenced by television advertising, according to food industry claims. This study investigates the actual impact of media on children's perceptions of unhealthy foods.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nutrition
    • Media Studies
    • Consumer Behavior

    Background:

    • The food industry claims children are too savvy to be influenced by television.
    • Concerns exist regarding the impact of media, particularly television, on children's dietary choices and perceptions of food.
    • Understanding children's susceptibility to media messages is crucial for public health initiatives.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To critically examine the assertion that children are immune to television advertising.
    • To investigate the influence of television content on children's understanding and preferences for various food products.
    • To provide evidence-based insights into the relationship between media exposure and children's food choices.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of television advertising content targeting children.

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  • Surveys and interviews with children to assess their perceptions of advertised foods.
  • Comparative analysis of food preferences before and after exposure to specific media content.

    • Main Results:

    • Preliminary findings suggest that children's perceptions and preferences are indeed influenced by television advertising, contrary to industry claims.
    • Specific types of advertisements, particularly those for high-sugar and high-fat products, show a notable impact on children's food choices.
    • Children's ability to critically evaluate media messages about food is limited.

    Conclusions:

    • The food industry's claim that children are too smart to be influenced by television is not supported by evidence.
    • Television advertising significantly impacts children's food preferences and purchasing requests.
    • Public health strategies should address the pervasive influence of media on pediatric nutrition.