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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Culturing and Genetically Manipulating Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Published on: March 31, 2022
Natural Products from Photorhabdus and Other Entomopathogenic Bacteria
Kenan A J Bozhüyük1, Qiuqin Zhou1, Yvonne Engel1
1Merck Endowed Chair for Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Abstract:
Although the first natural products (NP) from Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria have been known now for almost 30 years, a huge variety of new compounds have been identified in the last 5-10 years, mainly due to the application of modern mass spectrometry. Additionally, application of molecular methods that allow the activation of NP production in several different strains as well as efficient heterologous expression methods have led to the production and validation of many new compounds. In this chapter we discuss the benefit of using Photorhabdus as a model system for microbial chemical ecology. We also examine non-ribosomal peptide synthetases as the most important pathway for NP production. Finally, we discuss the origin and function of all currently known NPs and the development of the molecular and chemical tools used to identify these NPs faster.
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