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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:28

Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements

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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption01:27

Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption

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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
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Issues in Nutrition: Dietary Supplements.

Margaret E Thompson1, Mary Barth Noel2

  • 1Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Secchia Center 15 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most American adults use dietary supplements, but excessive use can cause adverse effects. Research on supplements like vitamin D and protein shows limited benefits and potential risks, emphasizing cautious use.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Dietary Supplement Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dietary supplements are widely used by American adults.
  • The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 regulates supplement manufacturing and distribution.
  • Common supplements include vitamin D, probiotics, and protein.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding and research on commonly used dietary supplements.
  • To highlight the complexities and limitations in interpreting supplement efficacy and safety.
  • To inform patients about potential risks and appropriate usage of supplements.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on vitamin D, probiotics, and protein supplements.
  • Analysis of regulatory frameworks for dietary supplements.
  • Examination of clinical correlations and research findings on supplement effects.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D level interpretation is variable, with limited clinical correlation.
  • Probiotics research is ongoing regarding gut microbiome impact.
  • Protein supplements may reduce mortality in the elderly but not improve quality of life.
  • Few conclusive positive results exist for vitamin supplements in disease prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary supplement use is prevalent, necessitating informed patient understanding of risks and benefits.
  • Current research indicates limited conclusive benefits for many supplements, underscoring the need for cautious consumption.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of supplements like probiotics and protein in health and disease.