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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Hidden negative linear compressibility in lithium l-tartrate.

Hamish H-M Yeung1, Rebecca Kilmurray2, Claire L Hobday3

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK. Hamish.yeung@chem.ox.ac.uk and WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute of Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan and International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute of Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|January 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Lithium l-tartrate shows exceptional negative linear compressibility (NLC), a property where materials shrink in one direction when stretched. This study reveals a "hidden" NLC effect, switching on under pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Negative linear compressibility (NLC) is a rare phenomenon where a material contracts along one dimension under tensile strain.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and design principles of NLC materials is crucial for developing advanced functional materials.
  • Previous research has identified NLC in various crystal structures, but the interplay of different structural components remains an active area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical behavior of lithium l-tartrate, specifically focusing on its potential for negative linear compressibility (NLC).
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for NLC in this material, including the contributions of molecular strut compression and angle opening.
  • To explore the pressure-induced switching behavior of NLC and establish new design rules for discovering materials with anomalous mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Decoupling the mechanical behavior of building units within a wine-rack framework to analyze structural responses.
  • Utilizing variable-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction to probe crystal structure changes under hydrostatic pressure.
  • Quantifying NLC properties, including maximum NLC (Kmax) and overall NLC capacity (χNLC).

Main Results:

  • Lithium l-tartrate exhibits significant NLC with Kmax = -21 TPa⁻¹ and χNLC = 5.1%, comparable to exceptional known materials.
  • A novel 'hidden' NLC phenomenon was observed, where NLC is absent at ambient pressure but activated at 2 GPa and persists up to 5.5 GPa.
  • The interplay between molecular strut compression and angle opening was identified as the key mechanism driving the observed NLC behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Lithium l-tartrate is a promising material for NLC applications, demonstrating high NLC values and a unique pressure-switchable behavior.
  • The study provides new insights into the structure-property relationships governing NLC, offering valuable chemical and geometrical design rules.
  • These findings pave the way for the rational design of novel materials with tailored anomalous mechanical responses for advanced applications.