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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Granulomatous & histiocytic dermatitides.

Mark R Wick1

  • 1Section of Dermatopathology, Division of Surgical & Cytological Pathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
|January 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Skin granulomas are classified as infectious or non-infectious, with or without necrobiosis/necrosis. Histochemical assessment aids in identifying infectious agents in granulomatous dermatitis.

Keywords:
Cutaneous infectionsDiseases featuring “parasitized” histiocytesGranulomatous dermatitisMalakoplakiaNecrobiotic granulomasSkin involvement by intestinal diseasesSyndromes featuring granulomas

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cutaneous granulomas represent a diverse group of inflammatory skin conditions.
  • Classification is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, distinguishing between infectious and non-infectious etiologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive classification of skin granulomas.
  • To highlight the diagnostic importance of histochemical assessment for infectious agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review and categorization of various granulomatous skin conditions.
  • Emphasis on histochemical analysis for identifying microbial causes.

Main Results:

  • Granulomas are categorized based on infectious/non-infectious nature and presence of necrobiosis/necrosis.
  • Examples provided for necrobiotic/necrotizing and non-necrobiotic/non-necrotizing non-infectious granulomas.
  • Histiocytic dermatitides without granuloma formation, often due to infection, are also discussed.

Conclusions:

  • A structured approach to classifying skin granulomas is essential.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on differentiating infectious from non-infectious causes and identifying specific microbes.