Immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder.
• Altered immune responses have been noted in individuals with ASD for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review the hypothesis that immune dysfunction is prevalent in ASD.
• To examine the relationship between immune dysfunction and ASD in humans.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on immune system in ASD.
• Analysis of immune cell populations, immunoglobulins, autoantibodies, and cytokine profiles.

Main Results:

• Individuals with ASD often show alterations in T cells, B cells, monocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells.
• Elevated autoantibodies and altered immunoglobulin levels are common in ASD.
• Increased peripheral cytokines, chemokines, and associated neuroinflammation are frequently observed in ASD.

Conclusions:

• Immune dysregulation is a significant component in the pathogenesis of ASD.
• Inflammation plays a crucial role in ASD diagnosis and treatment strategies.