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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Overview
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Autophagy and autoimmunity.

Dennis J Wu1, Iannis E Adamopoulos2

  • 1Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California at Davis, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, USA.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|January 18, 2017
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Summary

Autophagy, a cellular process, is crucial for removing damaged proteins and is increasingly linked to autoimmune diseases. This review explores autophagy's role in immune regulation and its connection to conditions like lupus and arthritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for degrading damaged proteins and aggregates.
  • Polymorphisms in autophagy-related genes are associated with autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis.
  • Autophagy plays a significant role in regulating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of autophagy's role in autoimmune diseases.
  • To summarize the involvement of autophagy and its related proteins in immune regulation.
  • To highlight the implications of autophagy in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on autophagy and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of research on autophagy-related gene polymorphisms.
  • Examination of experimental models demonstrating the impact of autophagy modulation on autoimmune conditions.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy is essential for maintaining cellular health by clearing misfolded proteins.
  • Evidence links autophagy-related gene variations to increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders.
  • Modulating autophagy in animal models has shown protective effects against autoimmune diseases like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and arthritis.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a key player in immune system function, including bacterial clearance, cytokine secretion, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte development.
  • Dysregulation of autophagy contributes to the development and progression of autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting autophagy pathways may offer potential therapeutic strategies for autoimmune conditions.