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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Extremely Rapid and Specific Metabolic Labelling of RNA In Vivo with 4-Thiouracil Ers4tU
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Stem-loop RNA labeling can affect nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA processing.

Stephanie Heinrich1, Corinne L Sidler1, Claus M Azzalin1

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|January 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing MS2 or PP7 stem-loops into yeast mRNA can disrupt RNA processing and localization, particularly under starvation conditions. These stem-loops cause aberrant mRNA distribution and fragment accumulation, independent of coat proteins.

Keywords:
MS2–MCP systemP bodiesPP7–PCP systemmRNA decaymRNA processingsingle-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins like MS2 and PP7 coat proteins are used for visualizing single mRNAs in vivo.
  • Previous studies suggested MS2 stem-loops impair yeast mRNA decay, but this was based on ensemble methods and lacked single-transcript localization data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of MS2 stem-loops (MS2SL) and PP7 stem-loops (PP7SL) on mRNA processing and subcellular localization at the single-molecule level.
  • To determine if stem-loop introduction affects mRNA localization under varying nutrient conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) was employed to track the localization of three distinct mRNAs tagged with MS2SL or PP7SL.
  • Experiments were conducted in yeast cells under both glucose-rich and glucose starvation conditions.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of MS2SL or PP7SL leads to aberrant nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of tagged mRNAs.
  • These localization defects are exacerbated during glucose starvation, affecting nuclear mRNA processing.
  • Stem-loop fragments were observed to abnormally accumulate in processing bodies (PBs).
  • Mislocalization was independent of the MS2 or PP7 coat proteins (MCP or PCP).

Conclusions:

  • MS2 and PP7 stem-loops can significantly alter mRNA processing and subcellular localization in yeast.
  • Nutrient stress, such as glucose starvation, amplifies these stem-loop-induced defects.
  • The observed mislocalization is an intrinsic property of the stem-loops themselves, not dependent on their bound proteins.