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Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

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As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
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Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though...
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Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
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Pharmacist-industry relationships.

Keene Saavedra1, Bonnie O'Connor2, Adriane Fugh-Berman3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

The International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
|January 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

American pharmacists interact with the pharmaceutical industry, often viewing industry-funded programs neutrally to positively. Pharmacy education must address potential industry influence and conflicts of interest for unbiased drug assessment.

Keywords:
clinical practiceeducationpharmaceutical public healthprofessional ethicsprofessional practice

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Pharmaceutical Marketing
  • Medical Sociology

Background:

  • The pharmaceutical industry significantly influences healthcare professionals' practices and decision-making.
  • Understanding pharmacists' perspectives on industry interactions is crucial for maintaining unbiased patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document American pharmacists' beliefs and attitudes regarding the pharmaceutical industry.
  • To explore pharmacists' perceptions of their interactions with pharmaceutical companies.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative ethnographic study using open-ended interviews.
  • Interviews conducted with hospital, independent, retail, and administrative pharmacists.
  • Thematic analysis of qualitative data following ethnographic conventions.

Main Results:

  • All interviewed pharmacists reported interactions with pharmaceutical representatives and received industry resources.
  • Pharmacists perceived industry promotional efforts as physician-directed but held neutral-to-positive views on industry-funded patient programs.
  • Negative views on direct-to-consumer advertising contrasted with positive views on industry-provided drug information.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacists may be an under-recognized group targeted by industry influence.
  • Pharmacy education needs to emphasize unbiased information sources and the risks of industry interactions.
  • Further research is needed to quantify industry influence on pharmacists' professional attitudes and drug assessment.