Alveolar ridge augmentation in Macaca fascicularis using polysulfone with and without demineralized bone powder

The purpose of this study was to test the soft tissue and bone response to the implantation of porous polysulfone (PPSF) with and without demineralized bone powder (DBP) for ridge augmentation in Macaca fascicularis. The mandibular molar teeth were extracted in five adult female monkeys, followed by massive alveolectomy. Five to eight months later, PPSF + DBP was inserted subperiosteally on the left side, while PPSF alone was inserted on the right side. The animals were killed 42, 60, and 90 days following implantation. Specimens were processed for light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tetracycline labeling, and histomorphometric measurement of new bone. The 42-day specimens of the PPSF + DBP and PPSF revealed penetration of fibrous tissue rich in fibroblasts and blood vessels into the pores of the PPSF. At 60 and 90 days, the PPSF side showed organized fibrous tissue, but bone grew only for a short distance into the implant. In contrast, the PPSF + DBP side showed large amounts of bone formation, and bone almost covered the implant. The qualitative results were confirmed by histomorphometric examination.