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Ancylostoma ceylanicum Hookworm in the Solomon Islands.

Richard S Bradbury, Sze Fui Hii, Humpress Harrington

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
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    Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm is endemic in the Solomon Islands, affecting humans, dogs, and cats. This study identified Necator americanus and A. ceylanicum in East Malaita, confirming a zoonotic strain shared among species.

    Keywords:
    Ancylostoma ceylanicumSolomon Islandscox-1 genecytochrome oxidase gene 1helminthhookwormmultiplex PCRparasites

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    Area of Science:

    • * Infectious Diseases
    • * Parasitology
    • * Molecular Epidemiology

    Background:

    • * Hookworm infections are common in the Solomon Islands, but the specific species were previously unknown.
    • * The presence of Ancylostoma ceylanicum in a traveler returning from the Solomon Islands prompted this investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To identify the hookworm species prevalent in East Malaita, Solomon Islands.
    • * To genetically characterize Ancylostoma ceylanicum isolates from this region.

    Main Methods:

    • * Kato-Katz fecal surveys were conducted in two village groups in East Malaita.
    • * Hookworm-positive samples were analyzed using multiplex PCR of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox-1) gene.
    • * Sequencing and haplotype analysis of cox-1 gene were performed for species identification and phylogenetic placement.

    Main Results:

    • * Necator americanus was the most common species (81.8%), followed by Ancylostoma ceylanicum (16.7%).
    • * Ancylostoma duodenale was not detected.
    • * Haplotype analysis confirmed that Ancylostoma ceylanicum isolates belong to the zoonotic clade, indicating potential transmission between animals and humans.

    Conclusions:

    • * Ancylostoma ceylanicum is endemic in East Malaita, Solomon Islands.
    • * The identified Ancylostoma ceylanicum strain is zoonotic and can be transmitted between humans, dogs, and cats.
    • * Findings highlight the importance of One Health approaches in controlling hookworm infections in the region.