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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

1.6K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

919
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
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Obstetric Anesthesia Liability Concerns.

Joanna M Davies1, Linda S Stephens

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|January 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstetric anesthesia claims increased, mainly due to maternal hemorrhage. Improving communication and using massive transfusion protocols can reduce obstetric liability and improve patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Liability
  • Anesthesiology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Obstetric practice is associated with significant medical liability risks for both obstetricians and anesthesiologists.
  • Anesthesia-related claims in obstetrics represent a substantial portion of malpractice cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in anesthesia-related claims in obstetric practice.
  • To identify primary causes of increased claims and adverse outcomes.
  • To highlight strategies for mitigating obstetric liability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Anesthesia Closed Claims Project database.
  • Review of claims data spanning the 1990s, 2000s, and later periods.
  • Categorization of claims by outcome (maternal death, brain damage, nerve injury, etc.).

Main Results:

  • A notable increase in anesthesia claims for maternal death and brain damage occurred between the 1990s and 2000s, primarily driven by hemorrhage.
  • Claims related to newborn brain damage remained stable.
  • Claims for maternal nerve injury and minor injuries showed a decrease.

Conclusions:

  • Hemorrhage is a critical factor contributing to adverse outcomes and increased liability in obstetric anesthesia.
  • Implementation of massive transfusion protocols and clinical drills can improve hemorrhage management.
  • Effective communication and teamwork are essential for reducing obstetric medical liability and enhancing patient safety.