Risk Factors for Acanthamoeba Keratitis-A Multistate Case-Control Study, 2008-2011.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe microbial keratitis that can lead to vision loss.
• Contact lens wear is a primary risk factor for AK, necessitating an understanding of associated hygiene practices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify modifiable risk factors for Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) infection among soft contact lens wearers.
• To inform public health recommendations for preventing AK.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study involving 88 AK patients and 151 matched controls who were soft contact lens wearers.
• Data collection through standardized questionnaires and interviews.
• Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses to determine matched odds ratios (mORs).

Main Results:

• Significant risk factors included younger (<25 years) or older (>53 years) age, male sex, and topping off contact lens solution.
• Tap water use for rinsing or storing lenses and rinsing the lens case with tap water were associated with increased AK risk.
• Using hydrogen peroxide solution was a risk factor compared to multipurpose solution in unadjusted analyses.

Conclusions:

• Numerous modifiable hygiene-related risk factors contribute to Acanthamoeba keratitis.
• Adherence to recommended contact lens care practices is essential for reducing AK incidence.