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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Evaluation of Zika Virus-specific T-cell Responses in Immunoprivileged Organs of Infected Ifnar1-/- Mice
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T Cells Take on Zika Virus.

Heather D Hickman1, Theodore C Pierson1

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Immunity
|January 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

CD8+ T cells are crucial for fighting viruses. This study identifies specific targets for CD8+ T cell immunity against Zika virus (ZIKV) in mice, advancing our understanding of ZIKV infection control.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • CD8+ T cells are vital for controlling viral infections.
  • The specific role of CD8+ T cell immunity in Zika virus (ZIKV) infection remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the antigenic epitopes that elicit CD8+ T cell responses during ZIKV infection.
  • To elucidate the contribution of CD8+ T cells to ZIKV immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized murine models of ZIKV infection.
  • Employed immunological assays to identify and characterize CD8+ T cell epitopes.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific antigenic epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells in ZIKV-infected mice.

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  • Demonstrated the capacity of these CD8+ T cells to mediate antiviral immunity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Defined key CD8+ T cell epitopes crucial for ZIKV immunity.
    • Provides a foundation for developing ZIKV vaccines and immunotherapies targeting CD8+ T cell responses.