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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells
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Noncoding RNA for Cancer Gene Therapy.

Xiaomin Zhong1,2, Dongmei Zhang3,4, Minmin Xiong5

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. zhongxm23@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Recent Results in Cancer Research. Fortschritte Der Krebsforschung. Progres Dans Les Recherches Sur Le Cancer
|January 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene therapy using noncoding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) shows promise for cancer treatment by silencing oncogenes. This review covers their mechanisms, design, and delivery for clinical applications.

Keywords:
CancerGene therapyMicroRNANoncoding RNARNA interferenceSmall interference RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene therapy offers a novel approach to treat diseases by modulating gene expression.
  • Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are key effectors in gene therapy, particularly for cancer.
  • The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is central to miRNA and siRNA function in gene silencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism, biological function, design, synthesis, and delivery of noncoding RNAs for cancer gene therapy.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of noncoding RNAs with clinical potential in oncology.
  • To highlight advancements in RNAi-based cancer therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on noncoding RNAs in cancer gene therapy.
  • Analysis of the RNA interference mechanism and its application in silencing oncogenes.
  • Evaluation of design principles, synthesis methods, and delivery strategies for therapeutic noncoding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs and siRNAs effectively silence oncogenic factors through the RNAi pathway.
  • Various strategies exist for designing and synthesizing these RNA molecules for therapeutic use.
  • Delivery methods are crucial for the effective and targeted application of noncoding RNAs in cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNAs represent a significant class of therapeutic agents for cancer gene therapy.
  • Further research into their mechanisms, design, and delivery will enhance their clinical utility.
  • RNAi-based strategies hold substantial promise for the future of cancer treatment.