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Renal consequences of preterm birth
Amelie Stritzke1, Sumesh Thomas2, Harish Amin3
1Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 780-1403 29th St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada. Amelie.Stritzke@albertahealthservices.ca.
Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics
|January 20, 2017
Summary
Premature infants face long-term kidney damage due to disrupted organogenesis. Early nephroprotective strategies are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing chronic renal disease later in life.
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Neonatology
- Nephrology
Background:
- The developmental origins of health and disease concept highlights adverse fetal programming impacting adult health.
- Prematurity poses significant long-term renal challenges, affecting kidney development and function.
Approach:
- This study summarizes evidence on the mechanisms and consequences of prematurity on kidney development.
- It identifies nephroprotective strategies and areas needing further research.
Key Points:
- Prematurity reduces kidney size and nephron number due to disrupted organogenesis.
- Inflammation, hyperoxia, and antiangiogenic factors contribute to epigenetic changes with lifelong effects.
- Acute kidney injury and nephropathy of prematurity impair renal maturation, leading to potential chronic kidney disease.
Conclusions:
- Awareness of renal implications and conservation efforts offer short- and long-term benefits.
- Monitoring microelement losses, improving data on renal handling, and exploring new biomarkers and therapies are essential.
- Long-term follow-up of renal function in preterm survivors is warranted.
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