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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
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Low-Energy Catalytic Electrolysis for Simultaneous Hydrogen Evolution and Lignin Depolymerization.

Xu Du1, Wei Liu1, Zhe Zhang1

  • 1School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0620, USA.

Chemsuschem
|January 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces lignin electrolysis for hydrogen production, achieving over 90% efficiency. This method significantly lowers energy consumption compared to traditional water electrolysis and produces valuable aromatic chemicals.

Keywords:
electrolysisferric chloridehydrogen evolutionlignin depolymerizationpolyoxometalates

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogen production traditionally relies on water electrolysis, which is energy-intensive.
  • Lignin, a biomass component, is an abundant and underutilized resource.
  • Developing sustainable hydrogen production methods is crucial for a low-carbon economy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel proton-exchange-membrane electrolysis system utilizing lignin as the hydrogen source.
  • To investigate the use of polyoxometalate (POM) or FeCl3 as catalysts for lignin electrolysis.
  • To evaluate the energy efficiency and chemical byproducts of this lignin-based electrolysis.

Main Methods:

  • Proton-exchange-membrane electrolysis with lignin as the anode fuel.
  • Employing polyoxometalate (POM) or FeCl3 as catalysts and charge-transfer agents.
  • Utilizing a thermal-insulation reactor for continuous operation and analyzing residual lignin structure.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over 90% Faraday efficiency for hydrogen production.
  • Demonstrated a 40% lower electrical energy consumption compared to alkaline water electrolysis.
  • Identified oxidation of Kraft lignin (KL) to aromatic chemicals and cleavage of ether bonds.

Conclusions:

  • Lignin electrolysis with POM or FeCl3 is an efficient method for hydrogen production.
  • This process significantly reduces energy consumption in electrolysis.
  • Simultaneous depolymerization of lignin yields value-added aromatic chemicals.