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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Copper-Oxygen Complexes Revisited: Structures, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity.

Courtney E Elwell¹, Nicole L Gagnon¹, Benjamin D Neisen¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

Chemical Reviews

|January 20, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explore copper-oxygen intermediates in enzymes and catalysts. Advances in synthetic chemistry have expanded the range of known copper-oxygen cores and mechanistic studies, particularly in organic substrate oxidation.

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Bioinorganic Chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Copper-oxygen intermediates are crucial in various enzymes and catalysts.
Synthetic chemistry has been key in identifying and characterizing these species.
Previous reviews highlighted foundational knowledge in this area.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in copper-oxygen intermediates.
To detail the synthesis and characterization of novel copper-oxygen cores.
To explore mechanistic insights and computational approaches.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of new copper-oxygen complexes.
Spectroscopic characterization of copper-oxygen species.
Mechanistic studies, including organic substrate oxidation.
Computational chemistry for intermediate prediction and corroboration.

Main Results:

Significant expansion in the range of synthesized and characterized copper-oxygen cores.
Increased mechanistic investigations, especially for organic substrate oxidation.
Effective use of computational methods to support experimental findings.

Conclusions:

The field has progressed significantly in understanding copper-oxygen intermediates.
Synthetic and computational efforts continue to expand knowledge of these reactive species.
Detailed spectroscopic and reactivity trends of copper-oxygen cores are now better understood.