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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Author Spotlight: RNA FISH for Locating lncRNA-SNHG6 in Osteosarcoma Cells
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Author Spotlight: RNA FISH for Locating lncRNA-SNHG6 in Osteosarcoma Cells

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Long non-coding RNAs in osteosarcoma.

Ruiling Chen1, Gangyang Wang1, Ying Zheng1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Oncotarget
|January 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate osteosarcoma (OS) development and progression. This review explores lncRNAs

Keywords:
biomarkerslncRNAosteosarcomapathogenesistherapeutic targets

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer common in adolescents, with significant morbidity.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in various cancers, including OS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of lncRNAs in osteosarcoma (OS) pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating lncRNAs in osteosarcoma.
  • Analysis of lncRNA functions in OS cell growth, proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, and apoptosis.
  • Examination of lncRNAs' roles in multidrug resistance (MDR) in OS.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in OS.
  • lncRNAs influence key processes in OS pathogenesis.
  • lncRNAs show potential as independent prognostic biomarkers and in overcoming MDR in OS.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are critical regulators in osteosarcoma.
  • Further research into lncRNAs could yield novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OS.
  • lncRNAs represent promising targets for future clinical interventions in osteosarcoma treatment.