Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 8, 2026
06:30
Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats
Published on: September 11, 2018
8.3K
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms in Heart Failure: Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Steve Antoine1, Gaurang Vaidya1, Haider Imam1
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|January 21, 2017
Summary
Heart failure management may shift towards renal denervation. This minimally invasive procedure targets excessive nerve activity, potentially improving heart and kidney function and reducing cardiac remodeling in heart failure patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Heart failure is a global epidemic with high morbidity, mortality, and economic burden.
- Cardiorenal syndrome, characterized by heart and kidney dyshomeostasis, is a key feature of heart failure.
- Sustained sympathoexcitation is a critical factor in organ dysfunction during heart failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential of renal denervation as a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
- To investigate the role of excessive sympathetic nerve activity in cardiorenal syndrome progression.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental models of heart failure demonstrating the effects of renal nerve ablation.
- Consideration of minimally invasive endovascular renal denervation techniques in human studies.
Main Results:
- Experimental studies suggest renal denervation can restore renal sodium/water balance.
- Renal denervation may attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling in heart failure models.
Conclusions:
- Excessive sympathoexcitation significantly contributes to heart failure pathophysiology.
- Endovascular renal denervation presents a promising new paradigm for managing heart failure and cardiorenal syndrome.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
1.2K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.2K
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
4.3K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.3K
01:26Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
1.3K
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
1.3K
01:27Heart Failure I: Introduction
1.1K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
1.1K
01:22Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers
1.0K
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
1.0K
01:18Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
1.8K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
1.8K