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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
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Anatomic Considerations for Sinonasal and Ventral Skull Base Malignancy.

Thomas J Willson1, Juan C Fernandez-Miranda2, Cristian Ferrareze Nunes2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, UPMC Eye & Ear Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Suite 500, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|January 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Treating sinonasal and ventral skull base cancers is challenging due to late presentation and complex anatomy. Complete surgical resection with negative margins is crucial for successful outcomes in these rare malignancies.

Keywords:
AnatomyEndonasalEndoscopicSkullbase

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Sinonasal and ventral skull base malignancies are uncommon and difficult to treat.
  • These cancers often present late due to slow growth and subtle symptoms.
  • Complete surgical resection with negative margins is the primary treatment goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the surgical challenges in treating sinonasal and ventral skull base malignancies.
  • To emphasize the importance of preoperative work-up and anatomical knowledge.
  • To discuss key anatomical regions relevant to endonasal surgical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical considerations for sinonasal and ventral skull base surgery.
  • Discussion of challenges in achieving complete tumor resection.
  • Focus on the endonasal surgical perspective.

Main Results:

  • Complete resection is a significant surgical challenge due to the complex anatomy of the region.
  • A thorough understanding of sinonasal and skull base anatomy is vital for surgical planning.
  • The endonasal approach offers a valuable perspective for managing these tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of sinonasal and ventral skull base malignancies requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Surgical success hinges on detailed preoperative assessment and precise anatomical knowledge.
  • Endonasal surgical techniques are critical for achieving optimal outcomes in this challenging field.