How Feasible is Multiple Time Point Web-Based Data Collection with Individuals Experiencing Street Homelessness?

Area of Science:

• Social Sciences
• Public Health
• Information Technology

Background:

• Longitudinal research with marginalized populations, particularly the homeless, faces challenges like participant tracking, no-shows, and loss to follow-up.
• Homeless populations increasingly have access to information technologies, including mobile devices and computers, presenting opportunities to overcome data collection barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To pilot test the feasibility of collecting longitudinal data remotely from individuals experiencing homelessness and sleeping on the streets (street homeless) using a web-based system.
• To assess participant engagement and data completion rates in a condensed, simulated longitudinal study design.

Main Methods:

• A pilot study involved 21 participants experiencing street homelessness who completed an in-person baseline interview.
• Participants received weekly email links to an 8-week online SurveyMonkey questionnaire, with a 48-hour completion window.
• Incentives of $10 were provided via reloadable gift cards upon timely completion of each questionnaire.

Main Results:

• A substantial majority of participants (67% overall, 86% adjusted) completed at least seven out of eight follow-up questionnaires.
• Questionnaires were primarily completed at public libraries, but also at social service agencies, workplaces, private residences, and via mobile phones.
• High completion rates were observed even for sensitive topics, with only computer use frequency and education positively associated with completion.

Conclusions:

• Web-based data collection appears feasible for a subpopulation of persons experiencing homelessness, potentially offering higher follow-up rates than traditional methods.
• This approach may be applicable to other disenfranchised, difficult-to-track, or hard-to-reach populations.
• Government initiatives to reduce the digital divide may further enhance the potential of technology-assisted data collection among vulnerable groups.