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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

High-Throughput Capable Three-Dimensional Tissue Model for Quantification of Electroporation Thresholds

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Published on: August 19, 2025

Asymmetric Waveforms Decrease Lethal Thresholds in High Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Therapies.

Michael B Sano^1,2, Richard E Fan³, Lei Xing¹

¹Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Physics, Stanford, CA, USA.

Scientific Reports

|January 21, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Asymmetric high frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) waveforms create larger tumor ablation volumes than standard IRE and symmetric H-FIRE. This innovation may improve non-thermal cancer treatments by enabling larger tissue destruction with fewer muscle contractions.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Oncology
Medical Physics

Background:

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tumor treatment using high voltage pulses.
IRE faces challenges like complex planning and muscle contractions.
High frequency IRE (H-FIRE) uses ultrashort pulses to mitigate contractions but ablates smaller volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate asymmetric H-FIRE waveforms for enhanced tumor ablation.
To compare the efficacy of asymmetric H-FIRE with IRE and symmetric H-FIRE.
To determine if waveform asymmetry can optimize ablation zone size.

Main Methods:

Utilized asymmetric and symmetric H-FIRE waveforms with varying pulse durations.
Determined lethal thresholds (LT) for brain cancer cells.
Conducted numerical simulations to predict ablation volumes.

Main Results:

Asymmetric H-FIRE achieved lethal thresholds comparable to IRE.
Lethal thresholds for asymmetric H-FIRE were significantly lower than for symmetric H-FIRE.
Simulations indicated asymmetric H-FIRE could produce 5.8-6.3x larger ablation volumes than symmetric H-FIRE.

Conclusions:

Asymmetric H-FIRE waveforms can generate larger ablation volumes than symmetric H-FIRE.
Waveform symmetry offers a tunable parameter for controlling reversible and irreversible electroporation zones.
Asymmetric H-FIRE warrants further in vivo investigation for tumor treatment.