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Related Concept Videos

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
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Gas Exchange and Transport

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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
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Gas behavior plays a vital role in understanding bodily processes such as external and internal respiration. External respiration involves the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of it in the lungs. In contrast, internal respiration happens in body tissues, where these gases move in opposite directions.
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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Gas diffusion on graphene surfaces.

Chengzhen Sun1, Bofeng Bai1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China. bfbai@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|January 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Gas diffusion on graphene behaves like a 2D gas, driven by molecule collisions, not traditional hopping. Surface diffusion is slower than bulk diffusion due to graphene

Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional hopping models fail to explain gas diffusion on graphene due to low adsorption energy.
  • Graphene's unique properties necessitate new models for understanding surface diffusion phenomena.
  • Gas diffusion on surfaces is crucial for applications in catalysis, sensing, and energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and model gas diffusion behavior on graphene surfaces.
  • To determine the primary mechanisms controlling surface diffusion on graphene.
  • To compare surface diffusion coefficients with bulk diffusion and analyze influencing factors.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of surface diffusion coefficients using the Einstein equation.
  • Modeling gas diffusion as a two-dimensional gas behavior.

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  • Comparison with bulk diffusion predictions from the hard sphere model.

    • Main Results:

    • Gas diffusion on graphene exhibits two-dimensional gas behavior, primarily governed by intermolecular collisions.
    • Surface diffusion coefficients decrease with increasing gas pressure, mirroring bulk diffusion trends.
    • Surface diffusion coefficients are lower than bulk values due to graphene's confinement, with reduced collision frequency and travel distance.

    Conclusions:

    • The hopping model is inadequate for describing gas diffusion on graphene; a 2D gas model is more appropriate.
    • Graphene surface confinement significantly impacts diffusion, reducing coefficients compared to bulk diffusion.
    • Hydrogen functionalization further lowers diffusion coefficients due to blocking effects from chemical groups.