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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.3K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

13.6K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

8.8K
Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

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Olfaction: New Understandings, Diagnostic Applications.

Gabrielle F Ruggiero, Jeannette Y Wick

    The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
    |January 21, 2017
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Olfactory dysfunction affects millions, declining with age and potentially signaling neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Early diagnosis may be possible through advanced smell tests.

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    Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Gerontology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Olfactory dysfunction affects an estimated 14 million Americans.
    • Olfaction, like other senses, declines with age.
    • Impaired smell can be an early indicator of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's dementia (AD).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the prevalence and implications of olfactory dysfunction.
    • To highlight the role of olfactory deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.
    • To discuss the potential for olfactory testing in early diagnosis and treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing standardized, validated methods to assess olfactory function dimensions.
    • Measuring odor identification, discrimination, and threshold levels.
    • Investigating unique olfactory deficits associated with various conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Olfactory dysfunction is linked to aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
    • AD-related pathology invades olfactory structures, impairing odor identification.
    • Inability to detect warning odors and impaired taste perception are significant consequences.

    Conclusions:

    • Olfactory dysfunction has serious health implications, including safety risks.
    • Research into olfactory deficits may lead to noninvasive diagnostic tools for early disease detection.
    • Further study is needed to identify specific olfactory deficits and potential treatments, considering medication side effects.