Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...

Classical Conditioning in Daily Life

Classical Conditioning in Daily Life

Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Physicochemical characterisation of iron oxides and hydroxides applied as food additive E 172.

Food chemistry: X·2026

Same author

Meaning transfer and conditioned anger to orofacial sounds: A referential learning model of misophonia.

Behaviour research and therapy·2026

Same author

The impact of a loss of control over threat on stress reactivity.

Biological psychology·2026

Same author

Heterogeneous Transfer Dehydrogenation for Catalytic Upcycling of Polyethylene.

ChemSusChem·2026

Same author

Do laboratory fear extinction, avoidance and generalization predict exposure outcomes for fear of spiders?

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026

Same author

Wearable 3D-printed solid microneedle voltammetric sensors based on nanostructured gold for uric acid monitoring.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

Reinstatement after human feature-positive discrimination learning.

Mathijs Franssen¹, Nathalie Claes², Bram Vervliet³

¹Center for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Behavioural Processes

|January 22, 2017

Summary

This study shows that extinguished conditioned responses can be reinstated in humans after feature-positive discrimination training. However, presentations of the target stimulus alone were not a stronger reinstatement trigger than unconditioned stimulus-only presentations.

Keywords:

Feature positive discrimination Human Modulation Occasion setting Reinstatement

More Related Videos

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Published on: December 18, 2014

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Published on: August 22, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Published on: December 18, 2014

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Published on: August 22, 2020

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Behavioral Neuroscience
Learning and Memory

Background:

Pavlovian conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli.
Extinction is the reduction of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
Reinstatement is the renewal of an extinguished response under certain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the reinstatement of extinguished feature-target compound presentations in humans.
To compare the effectiveness of unconditioned stimulus (US)-only presentations versus target stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (A-US) presentations in triggering reinstatement.
To test a hierarchical account of Pavlovian modulation.

Main Methods:

Two experiments used an online conditioned suppression task with human participants.
Sequential feature-positive discrimination training was followed by extinction.
Reinstatement phases involved different groups receiving US-only, A-US, or context-only exposure.

Main Results:

Reinstatement of differential responding was observed in the US-only group after extinction.
No significant reinstatement of differential responding was found in the A-US group in Experiment 1.
Experiment 2 results were limited by acquired equivalence and perceptual factors.

Conclusions:

Clear evidence supports the reinstatement of differential responding after human feature-positive discrimination training and extinction.
No evidence was found that A-US presentations are a stronger reinstatement trigger than US-only presentations.
Findings provide insights into the mechanisms of associative learning and memory renewal.