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Related Concept Videos

Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

55.1K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination
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Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination

Published on: May 18, 2017

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Phosphorylation: Implications in Cancer.

Vishakha Singh1, Mahendra Ram2, Rajesh Kumar3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ranchi Veterinary College, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India.

The Protein Journal
|January 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Altered phosphorylation, a key cellular process, is linked to cancer development. Targeting these phosphorylation pathways offers a promising strategy for developing novel anticancer drugs.

Keywords:
CadherinsCyclinsMitogen-activated protein kinaseNuclear factor-κBPhosphorylationTyrosine kinase

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Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate vital cellular functions.
  • Phosphorylation, a critical PTM, controls cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and signaling.
  • Dysregulation of phosphorylation pathways is implicated in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of altered phosphorylation in cancer.
  • To identify key signaling pathways involved in cancer development.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting phosphorylation pathways for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on phosphorylation and cancer.
  • Analysis of key signaling pathways (Tyrosine kinase, MAPK, Cadherin-catenin, Cyclin-dependent kinase).
  • Examination of the role of Bcl-2 family proteins and cyclins.

Main Results:

  • Deregulation of phosphorylation cascades in cell cycle pathways contributes to cancer.
  • Tyrosine kinases and MAPK pathways are significant in cancer growth and progression.
  • Altered phosphorylation in these pathways presents potential drug targets.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting aberrant phosphorylation pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.
  • Drugs targeting tyrosine kinases and signaling pathways like MEK, PI3K, and ERK show potential in cancer therapy.
  • Further research into phosphorylation-based cancer therapies is warranted.