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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Threshold Dose Distribution in Walnut Allergy.

Mark A Blankestijn1, Ben C Remington2, Geert F Houben3

  • 1Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|January 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eliciting doses (EDs) for walnut allergy in adults were determined, showing slightly higher thresholds than peanut and hazelnut. These findings aid in food allergy risk management and labeling for tree nuts.

Keywords:
Allergen thresholdsEliciting dosesFood allergyThreshold dose distributionsWalnut

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Area of Science:

  • Food allergy research
  • Clinical immunology
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Population-level eliciting doses (EDs) are crucial for food allergy risk management and labeling.
  • Previous walnut allergy data were insufficient for determining population EDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine EDs for walnut-allergic adults.
  • To compare walnut EDs with existing data for peanut and other tree nuts.

Main Methods:

  • Adults with suspected walnut allergy underwent low-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges.
  • Individual no observed and lowest observed adverse effect levels were calculated.
  • Log-normal, log-logistic, and Weibull models were used to estimate ED5, ED10, and ED50 values.

Main Results:

  • 33 of 57 challenged subjects had confirmed walnut allergy.
  • Objective symptoms occurred in 61% of positive challenges.
  • Estimated population EDs ranged from 3.1-4.1 mg (ED5), 10.6-14.6 mg (ED10), and 590-625 mg (ED50) of walnut protein.

Conclusions:

  • Population EDs for walnut allergy appear slightly higher than for peanut and hazelnut.
  • Hazelnut ED data can serve as a temporary placeholder for risk management in other tree nut allergies with limited data.