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Pulling a school trolley: A good kinematic option for children.

Eva Orantes-Gonzalez1, Jose Heredia-Jimenez1

  • 1Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

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Pulling a school trolley with loads up to 20% body weight minimally impacted gait kinematics. Trolleys are a viable option for carrying school supplies, showing minor adaptations in movement.

Keywords:
BackpackGaitLoadWheeled backpack

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Pediatrics
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Schoolchildren frequently carry heavy loads in backpacks, potentially affecting musculoskeletal health.
  • The use of wheeled school trolleys is an alternative to backpacks, but their biomechanical impact requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze kinematic gait parameters when pulling a school trolley with varying loads.
  • To assess the effects of trolley use versus backpacks and body side loading on gait.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-three elementary students walked with and without a trolley loaded at 10%, 15%, and 20% of body weight.
  • Spatiotemporal gait parameters and 3D lower limb/thorax kinematics were recorded.
  • Analysis considered loaded and unloaded body sides.

Main Results:

  • Gait parameters showed minimal changes even with a 20% body weight load.
  • Increased thoracic flexion and pelvic changes were observed with increasing trolley load.
  • Asymmetrical loading primarily affected thoracic transverse plane motion.

Conclusions:

  • School trolleys induce minimal kinematic adaptations during gait.
  • Trolleys appear to be a suitable option for school supply transportation.
  • Further research could explore long-term effects and optimal trolley design.