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Phenotypic approaches to obstructive sleep apnoea - New pathways for targeted therapy
1Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Barker Street, PO Box 1165, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia.
Sleep Medicine Reviews
|January 24, 2017
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) arises from varied causes, including airway anatomy and non-anatomical factors. Identifying these specific phenotypes allows for targeted therapies to improve OSA treatment.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Physiology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a complex disorder with multifactorial causes.
- Understanding the diverse reasons for OSA is crucial for developing effective, targeted treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in understanding OSA pathogenesis through a phenotypic approach.
- To highlight emerging tools for phenotype identification and novel therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on upper airway and respiratory phenotyping in OSA.
- Analysis of non-anatomical factors contributing to pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep.
Main Results:
- Four key phenotypes contributing to OSA have been identified: impaired anatomy, impaired pharyngeal dilator muscle function, low respiratory arousal threshold, and high loop gain.
- Non-anatomical factors are significant determinants of OSA in many patients, even with modest anatomical impairment.
Conclusions:
- A phenotypic approach offers a framework for understanding individual OSA causes.
- Each identified phenotype represents a potential target for novel therapeutic interventions, paving the way for personalized OSA treatment.
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