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Tombusvirus polymerase: Structure and function.

Chaminda D Gunawardene1, Logan W Donaldson1, K Andrew White1

  • 1Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.

Virus Research
|January 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tombusviruses use a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to replicate. This RdRp requires accessory proteins and host factors to assemble into functional virus replicase complexes (VRCs) for RNA synthesis.

Keywords:
RNA replicationRNA structureRNA synthesisRNA virusRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV)TombusvirusVirus replication

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Tombusviruses are small, icosahedral viruses with plus-sense RNA genomes.
  • Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is a type member, encoding a 92kDa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) essential for replication and transcription.
  • The TBSV RdRp (p92) possesses multiple functional domains, including RNA-binding and membrane-targeting regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structure and function of the tombusvirus RdRp.
  • To understand how the RdRp interacts with viral and host factors to form active replication complexes.
  • To detail the assembly process of membrane-associated virus replicase complexes (VRCs).

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of functionally relevant regions within the p92 RdRp.
  • Analysis of conserved tombusvirus-specific motifs in the RdRp's C-proximal region.
  • Investigation of the requirements for p92 activation, including accessory protein p33, viral RNA, host factors, and intracellular membranes.

Main Results:

  • The p92 RdRp is initially non-functional and requires activation by p33, viral RNA, host proteins, and membranes.
  • Assembly of VRCs involves a coordinated process guided by viral replication proteins.
  • These VRCs are membrane-associated and responsible for synthesizing viral RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The tombusvirus RdRp is a complex enzyme whose activity is tightly regulated by viral and host factors.
  • Understanding RdRp function and VRC assembly provides insights into viral RNA replication mechanisms.
  • The study highlights the intricate interplay between viral components and host machinery in virus replication.