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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Molecular Communication
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Molecular communication (MC) systems utilize molecules for information transmission.
    • Relay-assisted strategies are crucial for enhancing reliability in complex environments like the human bloodstream.
    • Diffusion-based MC faces challenges due to Brownian motion and environmental factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the performance of a decode-and-forward (DF) relay-assisted diffusion-based molecular communication system within a human blood vessel.
    • To derive a closed-form expression for the bit error probability (BEP) using normal approximation.
    • To optimize the system's detection threshold for minimizing BEP.

    Main Methods:

    • Modeling a DF relay-assisted MC system in a positive drift environment (blood vessel).
    • Applying normal approximation to the distribution of received molecules.
    • Deriving a closed-form expression for end-to-end BEP.
    • Formulating and solving an optimization problem for the optimal detection threshold using the bisection method.

    Main Results:

    • A closed-form expression for BEP was successfully derived.
    • The bisection method effectively determined the optimal detection threshold.
    • System performance was analyzed concerning drift velocity, relay position, and molecule count.
    • Numerical results demonstrated significant BEP reduction with DF relaying under a constant molecular budget.

    Conclusions:

    • Decode-and-forward relaying is a viable strategy for improving reliability in diffusion-based molecular communication within biological environments.
    • The proposed optimization framework effectively minimizes bit error probability.
    • Understanding the impact of system parameters is key to designing efficient in-body molecular communication networks.