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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

68.8K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
68.8K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
49.9K
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
19.4K
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

13.3K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
13.3K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.5K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.5K
Resonance and Hybrid Structures02:16

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

28.2K
According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
28.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

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Novel hybrid C/BN two-dimensional heterostructures.

Dmitry G Kvashnin1,2, Olga P Kvashnina3, Pavel V Avramov4

  • 1Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 4 Kosigin Street, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation.

Nanotechnology
|January 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored novel quasi-two-dimensional carbon/boron nitride (C/BN) heterostructures. These C/BN films exhibit tunable band gaps, making them promising for photovoltaics and photoelectronics.

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A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Development of novel 2D materials is crucial for advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices.
  • Carbon and boron nitride based heterostructures offer unique electronic and physical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the atomic structure, stability, and electronic properties of quasi-two-dimensional C/BN heterostructures.
  • To explore a potential synthesis route for these novel C/BN films.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of atomic structure and stability.
  • Calculation of electronic properties, including band gap.
  • Analysis of phase diagrams to determine synthesis feasibility.

Main Results:

  • Proposed C/BN heterostructures exhibit tunable band gaps across the infrared and visible spectrum.
  • Synthesis is feasible via chemically induced phase transition from multilayered h-BN/graphene van der Waals heterostructures.
  • Negative phase transition pressure indicates thermodynamic stability for synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Novel quasi-two-dimensional C/BN heterostructures can be synthesized using a proposed method.
  • These materials offer controllable band gaps for diverse applications.
  • Potential applications include photovoltaics, photoelectronics, and other nanostructure-based technologies.