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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
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Widespread Genetic Incompatibilities between First-Step Mutations during Parallel Adaptation of Saccharomyces

Jasmine Ono1, Aleeza C Gerstein1, Sarah P Otto1

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Genetic interactions between adaptive mutations in yeast often hinder growth, suggesting rapid evolution of reproductive isolation. These interactions, however, can shift with drug concentration, impacting speciation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Populations adapting to similar environments can evolve different genetic changes.
  • Understanding interactions between these genetic changes is crucial for predicting adaptation and gene flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic interactions between independently evolved mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To determine the impact of these interactions on adaptation and potential reproductive isolation.

Main Methods:

  • Independently evolved first-step mutations in a biosynthetic pathway were selected under nystatin exposure.
  • Genetic interactions were measured by creating double mutants and assessing their growth.
  • The effect of varying drug concentrations on epistatic relationships was examined.

Main Results:

  • Prevalent and predominantly negative genetic interactions (sign epistasis) were observed.
  • Reciprocal sign epistasis, where double mutants performed worse than single mutants, occurred in one-third of interactions.
  • Epistatic relationships were sensitive to nystatin concentration, with some double mutants showing increased fitness at higher drug levels.

Conclusions:

  • First adaptive mutations can rapidly lead to partial postzygotic reproductive isolation.
  • The prevalence of sign epistasis challenges expectations for mutations within a single pathway.
  • Epistatic interactions among beneficial mutations have significant implications for understanding adaptation and speciation.