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Sudden death in racehorses: postmortem examination protocol.

Santiago S Diab1, Robert Poppenga1, Francisco A Uzal1

  • 1California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, CA (Diab, Poppenga) and San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|January 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sudden death in racehorses often lacks clear causes. This study introduces a standardized autopsy and cardiac histology protocol to improve understanding of exercise-associated sudden death (EASD) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in equine athletes.

Keywords:
Cardiac autopsyequineexerciseracehorsessudden cardiac deathsudden death

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Equine Sports Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Exercise-associated sudden death (EASD) in racehorses presents risks to riders and impacts equine welfare.
  • Many EASD cases lack gross lesions, necessitating cardiovascular examination and toxicologic screening.
  • Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is often presumed in these cases without apparent cause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a standardized equine sudden death (SD) autopsy protocol.
  • To emphasize a cardiac histology protocol for detailed cardiac examination.
  • To outline the toxicologic screening process for racehorses in California.

Main Methods:

  • Development and description of a comprehensive equine SD autopsy protocol.
  • Detailed cardiac histology protocol for microscopic examination of the heart.
  • Description of toxicologic screening procedures for racehorses.

Main Results:

  • The proposed protocol provides a standardized approach to postmortem examinations in racehorses.
  • Consistent application of the protocol facilitates data comparison across institutions and over time.
  • Standardization is crucial for generating reliable data on equine SD, EASD, and SCD.

Conclusions:

  • A standardized autopsy and cardiac histology protocol is essential for understanding equine sudden death.
  • Consistent data collection improves the ability to determine the causes and pathogenesis of EASD and SCD.
  • This approach will enhance equine welfare and public perception of horse racing.