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Cecal infarction in neonatal calves.

John M Adaska1,2, Robert B Moeller1,2, Patricia C Blanchard1,2

  • 1California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (Adaska, Moeller, Blanchard), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|January 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cecal infarction is an uncommon, fatal condition in young dairy calves. Histological examination revealed ischemic necrosis and vascular occlusion as key features, with no significant differences in common calf pathogens or other inflammatory conditions found.

Keywords:
Calfcecal infarction

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Calf Health
  • Gastrointestinal Disease

Background:

  • Cecal infarction is an uncommon but severe lesion in calves, leading to peritonitis and potential death.
  • This specific condition in calves has not been previously described in scientific literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the histopathological features of cecal infarction in young dairy calves.
  • To compare cases of cecal infarction with control calves to identify potential risk factors or associated conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of postmortem cases of cecal infarction in dairy calves (≤30 days old) over 5 years.
  • Histological examination of cecal infarction lesions, focusing on necrosis and inflammation.
  • Matched case-control study comparing cases (n=34) to controls (n=86) for bacteremia, specific pathogens (E. coli, Cryptosporidium, Salmonella, viruses), and other inflammatory conditions (rumenitis, abomasitis, omphalitis).

Main Results:

  • Histological findings consistently showed ischemic necrosis of the cecal mucosa with inflammation of underlying tissues.
  • Thrombosis and vascular occlusion were identified in the affected areas in 21 out of 34 cases.
  • No significant differences were found between cases and controls regarding bacteremia, specific pathogen presence (K99 E. coli, attaching and effacing E. coli, Cryptosporidium, Salmonella, rotavirus, Bovine coronavirus, Bovine viral diarrhea virus), or other inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Cecal infarction in calves is characterized by ischemic necrosis and vascular occlusion.
  • Common calf pathogens and other inflammatory conditions were not identified as significant risk factors or associated conditions in this study.