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Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
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Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
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Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species create more favorable ecological conditions for subsequent species, such as enhanced nutrient, water, or light availability. In contrast, inhibition happens when early successional species create unfavorable ecological conditions for potential successive species, such as limiting resource availability. In some cases, later successional species...
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Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
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Desertification by front propagation?

Yuval R Zelnik1, Hannes Uecker2, Ulrike Feudel3

  • 1Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|January 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Desertification

Keywords:
DesertificationHomoclinic snakingRegime shiftsSpatial transitionsVegetation patterns

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Dryland ecosystems display patchy vegetation, influencing regime shifts in arid regions.
  • Spatial heterogeneity in drylands allows for both gradual and abrupt vegetation shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the final stage of desertification: the transition from patchy vegetation to bare soil.
  • Clarify the generality and origin of abrupt desertification shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed two distinct dryland vegetation models.
  • Employed rigorous numerical analysis to examine pattern dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Both models consistently demonstrated that the final desertification step is abrupt.
  • Identified the mathematical origin: the disappearance of confined spot-pattern domains.

Conclusions:

  • Gradual desertification via front propagation to bare soil is not supported by these models.
  • The findings raise questions about the occurrence of such abrupt dynamics in natural desertification processes.