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Related Concept Videos

Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
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Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

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Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
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First Law Of Thermodynamics: Problem-Solving01:21

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The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of the system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. This equation is a generalized form of energy conservation and can be applied to any thermodynamic process.
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Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

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System, Surroundings, and State01:24

System, Surroundings, and State

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Thermodynamics studies the relationship between heat, work, temperature, and energy. A key concept in this field is a "system," the macroscopic part of the universe under observation. Systems can interact with their surroundings, leading to three types: open, closed, and isolated systems.Open systems permit the exchange of both matter and energy with their surroundings, like a boiling pot of water.In contrast, closed systems only allow the transfer of energy, restricting the movement of matter...
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Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

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Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
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Finding limiting possibilities of thermodynamic systems by optimization.

Stanislaw Sieniutycz1, Anatoly Tsirlin2

  • 1Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw Technological University (Poland), Waryńskiego Street # 1, Warszawa 02 645, Poland.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|January 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Finite time thermodynamics optimizes system performance by analyzing irreversible processes. Constraints on fluxes and kinetic equations reveal new problem-solving possibilities beyond reversible thermodynamics.

Keywords:
balance equationscanonical equationsentropy productionoptimal controlphenomenological relationsthermodynamic limits

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Finite time thermodynamics, also known as optimization thermodynamics, addresses practical limitations in energy conversion and transport.
  • Traditional thermodynamic analysis often assumes reversible processes, which may not reflect real-world scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore typical problems within finite time thermodynamics.
  • To present formal methods for solving these optimization problems.
  • To discuss the implications of introducing constraints on thermodynamic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of irreversible processes.
  • Application of formal mathematical methods to thermodynamic optimization.
  • Introduction of constraints on flux intensities and kinetic coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of how constraints enable investigation of limiting possibilities in irreversible thermodynamic systems.
  • Identification of novel problems solvable only within the framework of irreversible processes.
  • Validation of the utility of optimization thermodynamics for complex systems.

Conclusions:

  • Constraining fluxes and kinetic coefficients expands the scope of thermodynamic problem-solving.
  • Finite time thermodynamics offers a powerful framework for analyzing real-world, irreversible systems.
  • This approach unlocks new avenues for optimizing thermodynamic performance and understanding system limitations.