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How jet lag impairs Major League Baseball performance.

Alex Song1, Thomas Severini2, Ravi Allada3

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Jet lag significantly impairs home-team offensive performance and both home and away defensive performance in Major League Baseball, particularly after eastward travel. These effects are primarily linked to home runs allowed, showing specific impacts of circadian misalignment.

Keywords:
Major League Baseballathletic performancecircadian rhythmsjet lag

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Sports Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Circadian clocks regulate daily physiological and behavioral rhythms.
  • Athletic performance studies investigate human circadian clock functions outside lab settings.
  • Jet lag disrupts the alignment between environmental cycles and endogenous circadian clocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of jet lag on specific performance metrics in Major League Baseball (MLB).
  • To investigate how eastward versus westward travel affects circadian misalignment and athletic performance.
  • To identify specific performance parameters most affected by jet lag in professional baseball.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MLB game data, accounting for home/away status, travel direction, and team variables.
  • Statistical examination of performance metrics such as slugging percentage and home runs allowed.
  • Comparison of performance effects following eastward and westward travel to assess circadian clock period length influence.

Main Results:

  • Jet lag primarily impaired home-team offensive performance (e.g., slugging percentage) after eastward travel.
  • Both home and away defensive performance were negatively impacted by jet lag.
  • Home runs allowed emerged as a key metric explaining the majority of observed performance deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian misalignment due to jet lag has specific, rather than uniform, effects on athletic performance.
  • Eastward travel demonstrates more significant performance decrements than westward travel, aligning with human circadian clock properties.
  • Home run rates are critical indicators of jet lag's impact on both offensive and defensive aspects of baseball performance.