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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

Published on: June 23, 2023

Interspecies organogenesis generates autologous functional islets.

Tomoyuki Yamaguchi¹, Hideyuki Sato¹, Megumi Kato-Itoh¹

¹Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

|January 25, 2017

Summary

Researchers created rat-sized pancreata from mouse stem cells in rats. Transplanted islets normalized blood glucose in diabetic mice for over a year, showing therapeutic potential for diabetes treatment.

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Published on: June 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Developmental Biology
Diabetes Research

Background:

Islet transplantation is a viable therapy for diabetes.
Previous studies created rat pancreata in mice using rat pluripotent stem cells (PSCs).
These rat pancreata were mouse-sized, limiting therapeutic application.

Purpose of the Study:

To generate rat-sized pancreata using mouse PSCs in a rat host.
To assess the therapeutic potential of xenogeneic PSC-derived islets for diabetes treatment.

Main Methods:

Mouse PSCs were injected into Pdx-1-deficient rat blastocysts.
Rat-sized, mouse-PSC-derived pancreata were generated.
Islets from these chimeric pancreata were transplanted into diabetic mice.

Main Results:

Transplanted islets normalized blood glucose levels in diabetic mice.
Glucose levels were maintained for over 370 days without immunosuppression (post-initial period).
This demonstrates successful xenogeneic islet transplantation.

Conclusions:

Blastocyst complementation can generate therapeutic quantities of PSC-derived islets in a xenogeneic host.
Mouse PSC-derived islets show significant potential for treating diabetes.
This approach offers a promising strategy for regenerative medicine in diabetes.