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Association between severe asthma and changes in the stomatognathic system
Mayra Carvalho-Oliveira1,2, Cristina Salles3, Regina Terse4
1. Programa de Controle da Asma e Rinite Alérgica da Bahia - ProAR - Salvador (BA) Brasil.
Summary
Patients with severe asthma often experience orofacial muscle dysfunction, including chewing and swallowing difficulties. These issues are more pronounced in those with severe uncontrolled asthma (SUA) compared to severe controlled asthma (SCA).
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Orofacial Myology
- Stomatognathic System
Background:
- Severe asthma affects a significant portion of asthma patients.
- Orofacial muscle function can be impacted by chronic respiratory conditions.
- Understanding these impacts is crucial for comprehensive patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe orofacial muscle function in patients with severe asthma.
- To compare orofacial muscle function between severe controlled asthma (SCA) and severe uncontrolled asthma (SUA) patients.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive study involving 160 adult patients with severe asthma.
- Patients completed sociodemographic and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-6) forms.
- Orofacial muscle function was evaluated, and patients were categorized into SCA and SUA groups.
Main Results:
- High prevalence of orofacial changes, including chewing difficulties, oronasal breathing, poor dental arch condition, and swallowing issues, regardless of asthma control.
- Patients with SUA showed significantly higher rates of habitual open-mouth chewing, difficulty swallowing water, and voice problems compared to SCA patients.
- Difficulty swallowing bread was significantly more common in SUA patients than in SCA patients based on ACQ-6 scores.
Conclusions:
- The stomatognathic system shows a high prevalence of alterations in adults with severe asthma.
- Specific orofacial dysfunctions are significantly more frequent in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma than in those with severe controlled asthma.
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